LABOUR CODE OF GEORGIA

Scope 1. This Law regulates labour and its concomitant relations in the territory of Georgia, unless they are otherwise governed by other special law or
international agreements of Georgia.
2. Labour-related questions not governed by this Law or by other special law shall be regulated by the norms of the Civil Code of Georgia.
3. A labour agreement may not establish norms different from those provided for by this Law that can worsen employees’ condition.

Article 2 - Labour relations

1. Labour relations shall be performance of work by an employee for an employer under organised labour conditions in exchange for remuneration.
2. Labour relations shall originate from agreements reached as a result of free expression of will based on equality of participants.
3. Labour and pre-contractual relations shall prohibit any type of discrimination due to race, skin colour, language, ethnicity or social status, nationality,
origin, material status or position, place of residence, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, handicap, religious, public, political or other affiliation,
including affiliation to trade unions, political or other opinions.
4. Discrimination shall be direct or indirect harassment of a person aimed at or resulting in creating an intimidating, hostile, humiliating, degrading, or
abusive environment for that person, or creating the circumstances for a person directly or indirectly causing their condition to deteriorate as compared
to other persons in similar circumstances.
5. Discrimination shall not be the necessity for differentiating between persons arising from the essence or specifics of the work or its performance
conditions, serving for achieving a legitimate objective and being a proportionate and necessary means of achievement of that objective.
6. Parties, when in labour relations, must safeguard the basic human rights and freedoms under the legislation of Georgia.

Article 3 - Subjects of labour relations

1. Subjects of labour relations may be an employer or an employers association and an employee or an employees association established for the purposes
of and as provided for by the Law of Georgia on Trade Unions, and the Conventions No 87 and No 98 of the International Labour Organisation (‘the
Employees Association’).
2. An employer shall be a natural or a legal person, and/or an association of persons, certain work is being performed for, under a labour agreement.
3. An employee shall be a natural person performing certain work for an employer under a labour agreement.
4. An employer and an employee shall be the subjects of individual labour relations.
5. One or more employers or one or more employers associations and one or more employees associations shall be the subjects of collective labour
relations.

Article 3¹ - Deleted

                                                                            Section II


                                                 Individual and Labour Relations

                                                 Chapter II
                                     Origination of Labour Relations

Article 4 - Minimum employment age and origination of legal capacity to enter into labour agreements

1. Legal capacity of natural persons to enter into a labour agreement shall originate at the age of 16.
2. Legal capacity of minors under 16 to enter into a labour agreement shall originate by consent of their legal representative or a custody/guardianship
authority unless the labour relations contradicts minors’ interests, prejudice their moral, physical and mental development, and limit their right and
opportunity to acquire compulsory primary and basic education. Consent of the legal representative or custody/guardianship authority shall be valid
with respect to similar type of subsequent labour relations as well.
3. A labour agreement with minors under 14 may be concluded solely in connection with the activities in sport, art, and culture, as well as for
performing certain advertising work.
4. Concluding labour agreements with minors involving them in performing works related to gambling, nightclubs, preparation, transportation, and
sales of erotic and pornographic products, as well as pharmaceutical and toxic substances, shall be prohibited.
5. Concluding labour agreements with minors, as well as with pregnant women or nursing mothers involving them to perform hard, harmful, or
hazardous work shall be prohibited.

Article 5 - Pre-contractual relations and exchange of information before concluding labour agreements

1. An employer may obtain information about a candidate that is necessary for decidingsion to employ him/her.
2. A candidate shall be obliged to inform the employer about any circumstance that may impede his/her performance of work or endanger the interests
of the employer or a third person.
3. Employers may verify the accuracy of information submitted by candidates.
4. The information obtained by an employer about the candidate and the information submitted by the candidate may not be available to other person
without consent of the candidate, except as provided for by law.
5. A candidate may recall submitted documents if the employer has not concluded a labour agreement with him/her.
6. An employer shall be obliged to provide the candidate with the information about:
a) the work to be performed;
b) the form (written or oral) and the period (fixed-term or open-ended) of a labour agreement;
c) the working conditions;
d) the legal status of an employee in labour relations;
e) the remuneration of labour.
7. Pre-contractual relations with a candidate shall be deemed completed when the parties have concluded a labour agreement or when the candidate has
been notified about refusing to employ him/her.
8. An employer shall not be obliged to justify its decision on refusing to employ the candidate.

Article 6 - Conclusion of labour agreements

1. A labour agreement shall be oral or written, fixed-term or open-ended.
11. A labour agreement must be in written form if labour relations last for more than three months.
12. Except when the term of a labour agreement is one or more years, a labour agreement shall only be concluded for a fixed term if:
a) a specific amount of work is to be performed;
b) the seasonal work is to be performed;
c) the amount of work has temporarily increased;
d) an employee being temporarily absent from work because of suspending labour relations is replaced;
e) there is other objective circumstance justifying conclusion of a fixed-term agreement.
13. If a labour agreement has been concluded for more than 30 months, or if labour relations has continued on the basis of concluding fixed-term labour
agreements for two or more consecutive times and the duration of the above labour relations exceeds 30 months, an open-ended labour agreement shall
be deemed to have been concluded. Fixed-term labour agreements shall be deemed to have been consecutively concluded if the current labour
agreement is prolonged upon the expiration of its term or the next fixed term labour agreement is concluded within 60 days after the initial agreement
expires.
14. The restrictions imposed under this article on concluding fixed term labour agreements shall not apply to business entities under Article 2(1) of the
Law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs if 48 months have not elapsed since their public registration (start-up enterprises) and if they meet the additional
conditions as defined by the Government of Georgia (if any) on the condition that the duration of a fixed term labour agreement may not be shorter
than three months for the purposes of this paragraph.
15. Paragraph 14 of this article shall not apply to a business entity established as a result of reorganisation through transfer of other business entity assets
into ownership or their assignment for use or under a fraudulent agreement.
16. Except as provided for by paragraph 12(a-e) of this article, if labour relations has commenced within the 48-month period defined by paragraph 14 of
this article, an open-ended labour agreement shall be deemed to have been concluded after the above period expires.
2. A written labour agreement shall be concluded in a language understandable to the parties. A written labour agreement may be concluded in several
languages. If a written labour agreement is concluded in several languages, it must contain a clause specifying the language of the agreement to prevail
in the case of discrepancy between provisions of the agreements.
3. The application of a person and the document issued by an employer on the basis of the application evidencing the employer’s will to take on the
person shall be equal to concluding a labour agreement.
4. At the request of an employee, the employer shall issue a notice of employment to include the details of the work performed, the remuneration of
labour, and the duration of the labour agreement.
5. A labour agreement may determine the internal regulations to be part of the agreement. In this case, the employer shall be obliged to make available
the internal regulations (if any) and later any changes made into it, to the person for reading before concluding the labour agreement.
6. If several labour agreements are concluded with an employee that only supplement and do not entirely supersede one another, all the agreements
shall be valid and shall be deemed as one labour agreement.
7. A preceding labour agreement shall remain valid inasmuch as its provisions are not changed by a subsequent agreement.
8. If several labour agreements have been concluded with an employee on the same condition, the agreement last concluded shall prevail.
9. The essentials of a labour agreement shall be:
a) the date of work commencement and the duration of labour relations
b) the work time and rest time
c) the workplace
d) the position and the type of work to be performed
e) the amount of labour remuneration and the payment procedure
f) the procedure of compensating for overtime work
g) the duration of paid and unpaid leaves of absence and the procedure for granting leaves of absence.
10. A condition in an individual labour agreement or in the document under the third paragraph of this article that contradicts this Law or a collective
agreement with the same employee shall be void, except when the individual labour agreement improves the condition of the employee.
(Article 6(11-13) of this Law shall apply to individual labour agreements and/or collective agreements concluded after this Law (No 729, 12.6.2013) is
enacted. Regardless of the provisions of Article 6(13), an open-ended labour agreement with an employee working under a fixed-term labour agreement
whose labour relations with one employer has continued for 5 years or longer shall be deemed to have been concluded under Article 6(13) one year after
this Law (No 729, 12.6.2013) is enacted. If the labour relations of an employee with one employer has continued for less than 5 years, an open-ended
labour agreement with the employee shall be deemed to have been concluded under Article 6(13) two years after this Law (No 729, 12.6.2013) is
enacted.

Article 7 - Origination of labour relations

Labour relations shall originate from the moment of actual commencement of work by an employee, unless otherwise provided for by a labour
agreement.

Article 8 - Limitations on concluding labour agreements for part-time jobs

1. Labour agreements for part-time jobs may be concluded with persons who can perform other paid work in their free time after fulfilling their main
job duties.
2. The right of employees to perform other work may be limited under labour agreements if performing the other work can prevent employees from
fulfilling their main job duties and/or if the person, the part-time work to be performed for, is a competitor to the main employer.

Article 9 - Trial period

1. For determining fitness of a person for the work to be performed, by agreement of the parties, a labour agreement with an employee may be
concluded only once for a trial period of no more than six months. A labour agreement for a trial period shall be concluded only in writing.
2. The work during a trial period shall be payable. The amount of payment and the payment procedure shall be determined by agreement of the parties.
3. An employer may, at any time during the trial period, conclude a labour agreement with the employee or terminate the labour agreement for a trial
period.
4. The requirements of Article 38 of this Law shall not apply to termination of labour agreements for a trial period unless otherwise determined by the
above labour agreements. If labour agreements for a trial period are terminated, the labour of employees shall be compensated in proportion to their
time worked.

Chapter III

Work Performance

article 10 - Duty to personally perform work

1.Employees shall be obliged to personally perform the work required. The parties may agree on performing work by a third person for a specified period.

Article 11 – Change of terms and conditions of labour agreements

1. An employer may, by notification to an employee, clarify certain details of work performance under a labour agreement that do not change essential
conditions of the agreement.
2. Essential conditions of a labour agreement may only be changed by agreement of the parties. If the labour agreement includes no essential condition,
it may be determined by consent of an employee.
3. Consent of an employee shall not be required for changing essential conditions in a labour agreement as a result of a change in legislation.
4. The following shall not be deemed a change of essential conditions of a labour agreement:
a) change by an employer of an employee’s place of performing specified work unless it takes the employee more than three hours a day from the place
of residence to the new place of work and back by publicly accessible transport, and unless it results in disproportionate costs for the employee;
b) change in the time of starting or finishing work by maximum 90 minutes.
5. A simultaneous change in both of the circumstances under the fourth paragraph of this article shall be deemed a change of essential conditions of a
labour agreement.

Article 12 - Business trip

1. A business trip shall be a temporary change by an employer of an employee’s place of work in the interests of the work.
2. Sending an employee on a business trip by an employer shall not be deemed as a change of essential conditions of a labour agreement unless the
period of a business trip exceeds 45 calendar days annually.
3. Exceeding the period under the second paragraph of this article by an employer shall be deemed as a change of essential conditions of a labour
agreement.
4. An employer shall be obliged to fully compensate an employee for business trip costs.
5. The norms of this article shall apply unless a labour agreement determines otherwise.

Article 13 - Internal labour regulations

1. An employer may determine internal labour regulations and shall be obliged to communicate it to an employee.
2. Internal labour regulations shall be a written document to determine:
a) the duration of workweeks, the starting and finishing time of daily work, and the duration of shifts in the case of shift work;
b) the duration of breaks;
c) the time, place, and procedure of remuneration payment;
d) the duration of a paid leave of absence and the procedure for granting it;
e) the duration of an unpaid leave of absence and the procedure for granting it;
f) the rules for observing labour conditions;
g) the types of incentives and liabilities and the procedure for their application;
h) the procedures for reviewing applications/complaints.
3. Based on work specifics, an employer may establish special procedures under internal labour regulations.
4. The provision of internal labour regulations contradicting an individual labour agreement or a collective agreement or this Law shall be void.

Chapter IV
Break and Rest Time

Article 14 - Duration of working time

1. An employer shall determine the duration of working time not to exceed 40 hours a week; and the duration of working time in enterprises with
specific operating conditions requiring more than eight hours of uninterrupted production/work process must not exceed 48 hours a week. The
Government of Georgia shall compile a list of industries with specific operating conditions. Working time shall not include breaks and rest time.
11. If an employer’s activities require 24 hours of uninterrupted production/work process, the parties may conclude a shift labour agreement considering
the requirements of the second paragraph of this article and containing the condition of granting the rest time to an employee adequate to the hours
worked.
2. The duration of rest between working days (or shifts) must be at least 12 hours.
3. The duration of working time for minors from 16 to 18 years of age must be a maximum of 36 hours a week.
4. The duration of working time for minors from 14 to 16 years of age must be a maximum of 24 hours a week.

Article 15 - Working time for shift work

Shift work and switching from one shift to another shall be determined by a shift schedule approved by an employer based on work specifics. The
employee shall be notified about a change in the shift schedule at least 10 days in advance unless this is impossible to do due to an emergency need.
Article 16 - Procedure for summing up working time
A procedure for summing up working time may be introduced if observing the duration of daily or weekly working time based on working conditions is
impossible.

Article 17 - Overtime work

1. An employee shall be obliged to perform overtime work:
a) without remuneration for preventing natural disasters and/or eliminating their consequences;
b) with adequate remuneration for preventing industrial accidents and/or eliminating their consequences.
2. Employing pregnant women, women having recently given birth, persons with limited capability or minors to work overtime without their consent
shall be prohibited.
3. Overtime work shall be deemed when an employee works under agreement between the parties during the period exceeding 40 hours a week for
adults, 36 hours a week for minors from 16 to 18 years of age, and 24 hours a week for minors from 14 to 16 years of age.
4. Overtime work shall be compensated by increasing the amount of hourly pay rate. The amount of the above compensation shall be determined by
agreement of the parties.
5. The parties may agree on granting additional time off to an employee in return for overtime compensation.

Article 18 - Limitation on night jobs

Employing minors, pregnant women, women having recently given birth, or nursing mothers for a night job (from 22:00 to 6:00), as well as babysitters
of children under the age of three, or persons with limited capability without their consent shall be prohibited.
Article 19 - Additional breaks for nursing mothers
1. Employees who are nursing mothers and are breastfeeding infants under 12 month may request an additional break of at least one hour a day.
2. A break for feeding infants shall be deemed as working time and shall be paid.

Article 20 - Holidays

1. Holidays shall be:
a) January 1 and 2 –New Year holidays
b) January 7 - Christmas Day, Birth of Our Lord Jesus Christ
c) January 19 - Epiphany, Baptism of Our Lord Jesus Christ
d) March 3 – Mother’s Day
e) March 8 – International Women’s Day
f) April 9 - the day of adopting the Act of Restoring Independence of Georgia; the day of national unity, national consent, and commemoration of people
who died for the national integrity of Georgia
g) Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ days– Good Friday, Good Saturday, Easter Sunday, Easter Monday - All Souls’ Day (transitional dates)
h) May 9 - Victory Day over Fascism
i) May 12 – Commemoration Day of St. Andrew the Apostle, Founder of the Apostolic Church of Georgia
j) May 26 - Independence Day of Georgia
k) August 28 - Assumption day of the Virgin (‘Mariamoba’)
l) October 14 – ‘Mtskhetoba’ (Holiday of Svetitskhovloba, Robe of Christ)
m) November 23 - St. George’s Day.
2. An employee may request other days off instead of the holidays under this Law to be defined by a labour agreement.
3. If an employee works during the holidays under the first paragraph of this article, it shall be deemed as overtime work and the terms for its
compensation shall be determined by Article 17(4)(5) of this Law.

Chapter V
Leave

Article 21 - Duration of leaves

1. An employee shall have the right to enjoy a paid leave of absence of at least 24 working days annually.
2. An employee shall have the right to enjoy an unpaid leave of absence of at least 15 calendar days annually.
3. A labour agreement may define the terms and conditions different from those provided for by this article. The above terms and conditions must not
worsen conditions of an employee.
4. If a labour agreement is terminated for any of the reasons under Article 37(1)(a, f-h, n) of this Law, an employer shall be obliged to compensate an employee for unused leave of absence in proportion to the duration of labour relations.

Article 22 - Procedure for granting leaves of absence

1. An employee shall have the right to request a leave of absence after having worked for 11 months. By agreement of the parties, an employee may be
granted a leave of absence even before the above period elapses.
2. Beginning from a second year of work and by agreement of the parties, an employee may be granted a leave of absence at any time during the
working year.
3. By agreement of the parties, a leave of absence may be used in parts.
4. Leaves of absence shall not include a period of temporary disability, maternity and child care leaves, leaves due to adoption of a newborn and any
extra maternity or child care leaves.
5. Unless otherwise provided for by a labour agreement, an employer may determine the sequence of granting paid leaves of absence to employees.

Article 23 - Duty to notify employers before taking unpaid leaves of absence

When taking an unpaid leave of absence, an employee shall be obliged to notify the employer at least two weeks earlier of taking the leave, except when
notification is impossible due to urgent medical or family circumstances.

Article 24 - Origination of the right to request a leave of absence

1. The period for calculating origination of the right to request a leave of absence shall include the time actually worked by an employee, as well as
downtime period due to the employer’s fault.
2. The period for calculating origination of the right to request a leave of absence shall not include the time of an employee’s absence from work without
a good reason or the time of being on unpaid leave for more than seven working days.

Article 25 - Exceptional cases of carrying over paid leaves

1. If granting an employee a paid leave of absence for the current year may affect the normal course of work, the leave may be carried over to the next
year by consent of the employee. Carrying over of a minor’s paid leave of absence to the next year shall be prohibited.
2. Carrying over of paid leaves of absence for two consecutive years shall be prohibited.

Article 26 - Leave pay

An employee’s leave pay shall be determined by the average pay for the previous three months. If the time worked from beginning to work or after the
last leave is less than three months, then an employee’s leave pay shall be determined by the average payment of months worked, and in the case of
fixed monthly payment, it shall be determined by the last month payment.

Article 26¹ - Extra leave of absence for employees working under harsh, harmful, or hazardous labour conditions

An employee working under harsh, harmful, or hazardous labour conditions shall be granted an extra paid leave of absence of 10 calendar days annually.

Chapter VI

Maternity, Child Care, Newborn Adoption, and Extra Maternity or Child Care Leaves of Absence

Article 27 - Maternity and child care leaves of absence

1. At employees’ request, they shall be granted maternity and child care leaves of absence of 730 calendar days.
2. 183 calendar days of maternity and child care leaves of absence shall be paid. 200 calendar days shall be paid in the event of pregnancy complication
or multiple births.
3. Employees may apportion leaves of absence under the second paragraph of this article at their discretion for the prenatal and postnatal periods.

Article 28 – Leaves of absence for adopting newborn

At the request of employees having adopted an infant under 12 months, they shall be granted newborn adoption leaves of absence of 550 calendar days
from the birth of a child. 90 calendar days of the leave shall be paid.

Article 29 – Compensation of maternity, child care, and newborn adoption leaves of absence

Maternity, child care, and newborn adoption leaves of absence shall be paid from the State Budget of Georgia as determined by the legislation of
Georgia. Cash allowance for the period of paid maternity or child care leaves of absence, as well as for newborn adoption leaves of absence shall be a
maximum of GEL 1000. Employers and employees may agree on extra pays.

Article 30 - Extra child care leave of absence

1. At the request of employees, they shall be granted, at once or in parts but at least two weeks a year, an extra unpaid child care leaves of absence of 12
weeks until the child turns five.
2. Extra child care leave of absence may be granted to any person who actually takes care of the child.

Chapter VII
Remuneration of Labour

Article 31 - Form and amount of remuneration, time and place of payment

1. A labour agreement shall determine the form and amount of remuneration. The norms of this article shall apply unless otherwise provided for by a
labour agreement.
2. Remuneration shall be paid out once a month.
3. An employer shall be obliged to pay an employee 0.07 per cent of the delayed sum for each day of any delayed compensation or payment.

Article 32 - Remuneration for downtime

1. Unless otherwise defined by a labour agreement, an employee shall be fully remunerated for the downtime due to the fault of an employer.

2. Downtime due to the fault of an employee shall not be remunerated.

Article 33 - Deduction from remuneration

1. An employer may deduct from an employee’s remuneration overpayments or any other sum payable by the employee to the employer under labour
relations.
2. Total amount of a lump-sum deduction from remuneration must not exceed 50 per cent of the remuneration.

Article 34 - Final settlement in case of terminating labour relations

When labour relations is terminated, an employer shall be obliged to make final settlement to an employee no later than seven calendar days, unless
otherwise defined by a labour agreement or law.

Chapter VIII
Observance of Labour Conditions

Article 35 - Right to safe and healthy working environment

1. Employers shall be obliged to provide employees with a working environment that is maximally safe for the life and health of the employees.
2. Employers shall be obliged to provide employees, within reasonable timeframe, with available full, objective, and clear information on all factors
affecting employees’ life and health or the safety of the natural environment.
3. Employees may refuse to perform the work, assignment, or instruction that contradicts law or, due to the lack of occupational safety standards,
obviously and substantially endangers their or third person’s life, health, property, or the safety of the natural environment. Employees shall be obliged
to immediately inform the employer of a circumstance being the reason for refusing to fulfil their obligations under a labour agreement.
4. Employers shall be obliged to introduce a preventive system ensuring labour safety and timely provide employees with relevant information about
labour safety-related risks and measures for preventing the risks. Additionally, employers shall inform employees about the rules for handling the riskbearing
equipment and, if necessary, provide employees with personal protective equipment. Along with technological progress, employers shall timely
replace hazardous equipment with safe or less hazardous equipment, as well as shall take all other reasonable steps for employees’ safety and for
protecting their health.
5. An employer shall be obliged to take every reasonable step for timely localizing and eliminating an industrial accident, for administering first aid and
evacuating.
6. Employers shall be obliged to fully compensate employees for work-related injury caused by deteriorating employees’ health and for necessary costs
of treatment.
7. Employers shall be obliged to prevent pregnant women from performing work endangering their or their fetus’ welfare, physical, or mental health.
8. The legislation of Georgia shall provide a list of hard, harmful, and hazardous jobs, labour safety regulations, including the cases and the procedure for
employees’ mandatory periodic medical check-ups at the expense of an employer.

Chapter IX

Suspension of Labour Relations and Termination of Labour Agreements

Article 36 - Suspension of labour relations

1. Suspension of labour relations shall be a temporary non-performance of the work under labour agreements that not resulting in termination of labour
relations.
2. Grounds for suspending labour relations shall be:
a) a strike;
b) a lockout;
c) exercising of active and/or passive suffrage;
d) appearance before an investigative, prosecuting, or judicial body in the cases provided for by the procedural legislation of Georgia;
e) call to compulsory military service;
f) call to military reserve service;
g) maternity and child care leave of absence, newborn adoption leave of absence, and extra child care leave of absence;
h) placing a victim of family violence in an asylum and/or crisis centre, when an employee is unable to discharge his/her official duties, but for
maximum of 30 calendar days annually;
i) temporary disability unless a disability period exceeds 40 consecutive calendar days or total disability period exceeds 60 calendar days within six
months;
j) refresher training, professional retraining, or education not to exceed 30 calendar days annually;
k) unpaid leave of absence;
l) paid leave of absence.
3. If an employee requests for suspending labour relations on the grounds under the second paragraph (except subparagraph (b)) of this article, an
employer shall be obliged to suspend labour relations for a reasonable period. Labour relations shall be deemed suspended after submitting the above
request until the respective grounds for suspension is eliminated.
4. If labour relations is suspended, except as provided for by paragraph 2(f)(l) of this article, an employee shall not be paid unless otherwise provided for
by the legislation of Georgia or by a labour agreement.
5. Expenses related to appearing before an investigative, prosecuting, or judicial authority in the cases provided for by the procedural law of Georgia
shall be covered from the State Budget of Georgia as determined by legislation.
6. (Deleted – 12.6.2013, No 729).

Article 37 - Grounds for terminating labour agreements.

1. Grounds for terminating labour agreements shall be:
a) economic circumstances, technological, or organisational changes requiring downsizing;
b) expiration of a labour agreement;
c) completion of the work under a labour agreement;
d) voluntary resignation of an employee from a position/work under a written application;
e) written agreement between parties;
f) incompatibility of an employee’s qualifications or professional skills with the position held/work to be performed by the employee;
g) gross violation by an employee of his/her obligation under an individual labour agreement or a collective agreement and/or of internal labour
regulations;
h) violation by an employee of his/her obligation under an individual labour agreement or a collective agreement and/or of internal labour regulations,
if any of the disciplinary actions under the above individual labour agreement or collective agreement and/or internal labour regulations has already
been administered to the employee during the last one year;
i) long-term disability, unless otherwise provided for by a labour agreement, if a disability period exceeds 40 consecutive calendar days or total disability
period exceeds 60 calendar days within six months, and, at the same time, the employee has already used his/her leave of absence under Article 21 of
this Law;
j) entry into force of a court judgement or decision precluding from performing the work;
k) legally effective court decision on declaring a strike illegal under Article 51(6) of this Law;
l) death of an employing natural person or of an employee;
m) initiation of liquidation proceedings for an employing legal person;
n) other objective circumstance justifying termination of a labour agreement.
2. Violation of an obligation under the internal labour regulations provided for in paragraph 1(g)(h) of this article may serve as a basis for terminating a
labour agreement only when the internal labour regulations are the integral part of the labour agreement.
3. Terminating labour relations shall be inadmissible:
a) on the grounds other than those laid down in the first paragraph of this article;
b) on discrimination grounds under Article 2 of this Law;
c) during the period under Article 36(2)(g) of this Law from notifying the employer by a female employee about her pregnancy, except for the grounds
under paragraph (1)(b-e, g, h, j, l) of this article;
d) due to an employee being called to compulsory military service or military reserve service and/or during an employee’s period of compulsory military
service or military reserve service, except for the grounds under paragraph(1)(b-e, g, h, j, l) of this article;
e) during the period of being a jury in court, except for the grounds under paragraph (1)(b-e, g, h, j, l) of this article.
Organic Law of Georgia No 729 of 12 June 2013 – website, 4.7.2013

Article 38 - Procedure for terminating labour agreements

1. When terminating a labour agreement on any of the grounds under Article 37(1)(a, f, i, n) of this Law, employers shall be obliged to notify employees
about it in writing at least 30 calendar days in advance. Besides, employees shall be granted a severance pay of at least one month salary within 30
calendar days after terminating the labour agreement.
2. When terminating a labour agreement on any of the grounds under Article 37(1)(a, f, i, n) of this Law, employers may notify employees about it in
writing at least three calendar days in advance. In this case, employees shall be granted a severance pay of at least two months’ salary within 30 calendar
days after terminating the labour agreement.
3. If a labour agreement is terminated on the initiative of employees on the ground under Article 37(1)(d) of this Law, employees shall be obliged to
notify employers about it in writing at least 30 calendar days in advance.
4. Within 30 calendar days after receiving an employer’s notification about terminating a labour agreement, an employee may request the employer in
writing a written substantiation of the grounds for terminating the labour agreement.
5. An employer shall be obliged to provide a written substantiation of the grounds for terminating a labour agreement within seven calendar days after
submitting the request by an employee.
6. Within 30 calendar days after receiving an employer’s written substantiation, an employee may appeal in court against the employer’s decision on
terminating the labour agreement.
7. If an employer fails to provide a written substantiation of the grounds for terminating a labour agreement within seven calendar days after an
employee submits the request, the employee may appeal in court against the employer’s decision on terminating the labour agreement within 30
calendar days. In this case, the burden of proof for determining facts of the dispute shall lie with the employer.
8. If employer’s decision on terminating the labour agreement is declared void by the court, the employer shall be obliged, under the court decision, to
reinstate the person whose labour agreement was terminated, or to provide the person with an equal job or pay compensation as defined by the court.

Article 38¹ - Massive layoffs

1. If at least 100 employees’ labour agreements are terminated within 15 calendar days on the grounds under Article 37(1)(a) of this Law (massive
layoffs), employers shall be obliged to notify in writing the Ministry for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia and the employees whose labour
agreements are terminated, at least 45 calendar days before the massive layoffs.
2. The notification period under Article 38(1-2) shall not apply in the case provided for by the first paragraph of this article.

Article 39 - Termination of labour agreements with minors

Legal representatives of minors or custody/guardianship authorities may request for termination of a labour agreement with minors if continuing to
work endangers the life, health, or other material interests of minors.

Article 40 - Unintentional continuation of work

If the term of a labour agreement has expired but, based on the work specifics, immediate termination of work can substantially prejudice and endanger
human health, employees shall be obliged to continue working until the end of the above situation and employers shall be obliged to pay remuneration
to employees.

Chapter IX1
Freedom of Association

Article 40¹ - General provisions

1. Employees and employers may form associations and/or join other associations without any preliminary permission.
2. Employers associations and employees associations may develop their own charters and regulations, establish management bodies, elect
representatives, and administer their activities.
3. Employers associations and employees associations may form federations and confederations and may unite with them. Each association, federation,
and confederation may join an international employers association and an international employees association.

Article 40² - Prohibition of discrimination

1. It shall be prohibited to discriminate against employees for being members of an employees association or for participating in the activities of a similar
association, and/or to perform any other act aiming at:
a) hiring employees or retaining jobs for them in exchange for their refusal to join or for withdrawal from the employees association;
b) terminating labour relations with or otherwise harassing employees for being members of an employees association or for participating in the
activities of a similar association.
2. Employees may participate in the activities of an employees association during working hours by agreement with employers.
3. The burden of proof for the claim submitted in the case provided for by paragraph (1)(b) of this article and/or on the grounds under Article 37(3)(b) of
this Law shall lie with employers if employees allege the circumstances providing a reasonable cause to believe that employers acted in breach of the
requirement(s) of paragraph (1)(b) of this article and/or Article 37(3)(b) of this Law.

Article 40³ - Prohibition of interference in the activities of employers and employees associations

1. Employers and employees associations, their members or representatives may not interfere in each other’s activities.
2. For the purposes of this article, interfering in the activities of an association implies any act aimed at impeding the association activities through
financial or other means for exercising control over it.

                                                                                               Section III
                                        Collective Labour Agreements

                                                                                Chapter X
                                                                        Collective Agreements

Article 41 - General provisions

1. A collective agreement shall be concluded between one or more employers, or one or more employers associations and one or more employees
associations.
2. A collective agreement shall:
a) establish labour conditions;
b) regulate relations between an employer and an employee;
c) regulate relations between one or more employers, or one or more employers associations and one or more employees associations.
3. Parties shall establish conditions of a collective agreement on their own.
4. When one of the parties comes up with an initiative to conclude a collective agreement, the parties shall be obliged to bargain collectively in a good
faith.
5. When bargaining collectively, the parties shall provide each other with information on the issue(s) of the bargain. A party may not give the other
party confidential information but when providing confidential and/or other information, the party may require keeping the information confidential.
6. The state or local self-government bodies shall not interfere in the process of concluding a collective agreement. An agreement concluded as a result
of similar interference shall be void.

Article 42 - Representation

1. When concluding or terminating a collective agreement or changing its conditions, or for protecting the rights of employees, an employees
association shall act through its representatives.
2. Representation shall be confirmed by a written power of attorney signed by the employees concerned and by the person vested with the right of
representation.
3. A representative may be any legally capable natural person.
4. A representative shall act in the interests of only the employees who granted him/her the right of representation.

Article 43 - Collective agreements

1. A collective agreement shall be concluded only in writing.
2. A collective agreement shall be fixed-term and open-ended.
3. A fixed-term collective agreement must contain its effective and expiry dates.
4. An open-ended collective agreement must contain clauses for its revision, modification, and termination.
5. Existence of a collective agreement shall not limit employers' or employees' right to terminate labour relations. That fact shall not entail termination
of labour relations with other employees being parties to the same agreement.
6. A collective agreement must specify the subjects of the agreement.
7. Obligations under a collective agreement shall apply to the parties to the agreement. If a collective agreement is concluded between an employer and
one or more employees associations and over 50 per cent of the above enterprise employees are members of the above one or more employees
associations, then any other employee of the same enterprise may request the employer in writing that he/she also become a party to that collective
agreement. An employer shall be obliged to grant the above written request within 30 calendar days after receiving it. The provisions of this paragraph
shall not prohibit any other employees association with less than 50 per cent of the above enterprise employees from separately negotiating with the
employer and from concluding a separate collective agreement.
8. Provisions of a collective agreement shall be an integral part of individual labour agreements of employees under this agreement.
9. Provision of a collective agreement contradicting this Law shall be void.

Section IV

                                                              Liability and Disputes


                                                             Chapter XI
                                                               Liability

Article 44 - Material liability for damage inflicted

In labour relations, the damage inflicted by one party to the other shall be reimbursed as determined by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 45 - Written agreements on liability

1. A written agreement may define the type and extent of an employee’s individual responsibility if it results from the work specifics.
2. A written agreement on full material liability may be concluded with an adult employee who is in charge of storing, processing, selling (transferring),
transporting, or using in production process valuables transferred to him/her.

Article 46 - Limitations under labour agreements

1. (Deleted – 12.6.2013, No 729).
2. (Deleted – 12.6.2013, No 729).
3. A labour agreement may impose an employee's obligation not to use the knowledge and skills acquired in the course of fulfilling the conditions of the
labour agreement in favour of other competing employer. That limitation may be extended to six more months after terminating labour relations on
condition that during the limitation period the employer shall pay the employee a compensation of at least the amount being at the moment when the
labour relations was terminated.
4. The limitation under the third paragraph of this article may not be imposed on persons engaged in educational, scientific, and cultural
activities.
5. A damage inflicted by violating the requirements of this article shall be reimbursed as determined by the legislation of Georgia.

Chapter XII
Disputes

Article 47 - Disputes

1. A dispute shall be a disagreement having arisen during the course of labour relations. The resolution of disputes shall fall within legal interests of the
parties to a labour agreement.
2. A dispute shall arise from a written notice of disagreement sent by one party to the other.
3. A dispute in labour relations may arise on the basis of:
a) violating human rights and freedoms under the legislation of Georgia;
b) violating the conditions of an individual labour agreement or a collective agreement or the labour conditions;
c) a disagreement between an employer and an employee over the essentials of an individual labour agreement and/or conditions of a collective
agreement; the disagreement must be resolved in compliance with the conciliation procedures under Articles 48 and 481 of this Law.
4. (Deleted – 12.6.2013, No 729).
5. Reviewing a dispute shall not entail suspending labour relations.
6. A dispute having arisen during individual labour relations must be resolved according to the conciliation procedures under Article 48 of this Law
and/or by referring to court or arbitration.
61. A dispute having arisen during collective labour relations must be resolved according to the conciliation procedures under Article 481 of this Law
and/or by referring to court or arbitration.
7. In the case of a current dispute, an employee being a party to a collective agreement may individually protect his/her rights with respect to other
specific issue.

Article 48 - Review and resolution of individual disputes

1. An individual dispute must be resolved under conciliation procedures between the parties; this implies direct negotiations between an employee and
an employer.
2. A party shall notify the other party in writing about initiating the conciliation procedures. The notification must specify the reason for arising the
dispute and claims of the party.
3. The other party shall be obliged to review the written notification under the second paragraph of this article and inform the party of its decision in
writing within 10 calendar days after receiving the notification.
4. Representatives or parties shall make a written decision to become part of the existing labour agreement.
5. If the parties fail to reach agreement over the dispute within 14 calendar days after receiving the written notification under the second paragraph of
this article, a party may refer the dispute to the court.
6. If a party avoided participating in the conciliation procedures within 14 calendar days after receiving the written notification under the second
paragraph of this article, the burden of proof for determining the facts of the dispute shall lie with that party.
7. Parties may agree on referring a dispute to arbitration.
8. When a dispute is pending, increasing the claim or changing the subject of dispute by the parties shall be inadmissible.

Article 48¹ - Review and resolution of collective disputes

1. A collective dispute (dispute between an employer and a group of employees or an employer and an employees association) must be resolved under
conciliation procedures between the parties. This implies direct negotiations between an employer and a group of employees (at least 20 employees) or
an employer and an employees association, or mediation if one of the parties has sent a written notification to the Minister for Labour, Health, and
Social Affairs of Georgia (‘the Minister’).
2. A party shall notify the other party in writing about initiating conciliation procedures. The notification must specify the reason for arising the dispute
and claims of the party.
3. For reaching agreement at any stage of negotiations, a party may apply to the Minister in writing for appointing a dispute mediator for initiating
mediation. The written notification shall be delivered to the other party to dispute on the same day.
4. Based on the received written notification under the third paragraph of this article, the Minister shall appoint a dispute mediator according to the
procedure for reviewing and resolving collective disputes under conciliation procedures approved by a normative act of the Government of Georgia. In
the case of a higher public interest, the Minister may appoint a dispute mediator at any stage of dispute without written application of a party. The fact
of appointment shall be notified in writing to the parties involved.
5. The Minister may make a decision at any stage of dispute on terminating conciliation procedures.
6. Parties shall be obliged to participate in conciliation procedures and attend meetings held by a dispute mediator for that purpose.
7. If the Minister so requests, a dispute mediator shall be obliged to send him/her a report on the dispute.
8. Parties may agree at any stage of dispute to refer the dispute to arbitration.
9. A dispute mediator shall be obliged to keep confidential the information or the document he/she becomes aware of as a dispute mediator.

Article 49 - Strike and lockout

1. A strike shall be an employee's temporary and voluntary refusal, in the case of dispute, to fulfil, wholly or partially, the obligations under a labour
agreement. The persons identified by the legislation of Georgia may not participate in a strike.
2. A lockout shall be an employer's temporary and voluntary refusal, in the case of dispute, to fulfil, wholly or partially, the obligations under a labour
agreement.
3. In the case of a collective dispute, the right to strike and lockout shall arise upon the expiration of 21 calendar days after notifying the Minister in
writing under Article 481(3) of this Law or after appointing a dispute mediator by the Minister on his/her initiative under Article 481(4) of this Law.
4. In the case of an individual dispute, the parties must notify each other in writing about the time, place, and type of a strike or a lockout at least three
calendar days before the strike or the lockout starts.
5. In the case of a collective dispute, the parties must notify each other and the Minister in writing about the time, place, and type of a strike or a
lockout at least three calendar days before the the strike or the lockout.
6. During a strike or a lockout, the parties shall be obliged to carry on with conciliation procedures.
7. No lockout may last for more than 90 calendar days.
8. During a strike or a lockout, an employer may not pay an employee.
9. A strike or a lockout shall not be a basis for terminating labour relations.

Article 50 - Postponement or suspension of strike or lockout

If human life and health, safety of the natural environment, or a third person's property, or the work of a vital importance is in jeopardy, the court may
postpone the start of a strike or a lockout for a maximum of 30 days, or suspend a started strike or lockout for the same period.

Article 51 - Illegal strike and lockout

1. During martial law, the right to strike or lockout may be limited by decree of the President of Georgia. During a state of emergency, the right to strike
or lockout may be limited by decree of the President of Georgia requiring the countersignature of the Prime Minister of Georgia.
2. The right to strike cannot be exercised during working process by the employees whose work activity is connected with safety of human life and
health, or if the activity cannot be suspended due to the type of a technological process.
3. If one of the parties has avoided participating in conciliation procedures or has staged a strike or a lockout, the strike or the lockout shall be deemed
illegal.
4. (Deleted – 12.6.2013, No 729).
5. (Deleted – 12.6.2013, No 729).
6. The court shall make a decision to declare a strike or a lockout illegal that shall be promptly notified to the parties involved. A court decision on
declaring a strike or a lockout illegal shall be executed without delay.

Article 52 - Guarantees of employees

1. Participation of an employee in a strike may not be deemed a violation of labour discipline and may not serve as a basis for terminating a labour
agreement, except when a strike is illegal.
2. If the court has declared a lockout illegal, the employer shall be obliged to restore labour relations with employees and pay them for idle working
hours.
3. Employees who did not participate in a strike but could not perform their work because of the strike may be transferred to other work by the
employer or be paid for the period suspended based on the hourly rate of work.
4. (Deleted – 12.6.2013, No 729).

                             Section IV¹
                                              Tripartite Social Partnership Commission

                                                     Chapter XII¹
                          Tripartite Social Partnership Commission

Article 52¹ - General provisions

1. A Tripartite Social Partnership Commission (‘the Tripartite Commission’) shall be a consultative body accountable to the Prime Minister of Georgia,
the Chairperson of the Tripartite Commission.
2. The Tripartite Commission shall conduct its activity according to the Constitution of Georgia, international agreements of Georgia, laws of Georgia,
resolutions of the Parliament of Georgia, decrees and edicts of the President of Georgia, resolutions and directives of the Government of Georgia, orders
of the Prime Minister of Georgia, and other legal acts.
3. Parties to the Tripartite Commission shall be the Government of Georgia, employers associations and employees associations existing in various
branches of economic activities across the country.
4. In the Tripartite Commission each party shall have 6 members who may represent different organisations. The Chairperson of the Tripartite
Commission shall decide on admitting representatives of the above organisations to the composition of the Tripartite Commission.
5. Each employers association and employees association being a party to the Tripartite Commission shall make a decision on selecting their own
representatives to nominate them for members of the Tripartite Commission.
6. The persons authorised to represent parties shall be nominated for members of the Tripartite Commission. Each nominee, in turn, shall nominate the
remaining 5 members of the Tripartite Commission to the Chairperson of the Commission.
7. The Government of Georgia, along with the Chairperson of the Tripartite Commission, shall be represented in the Commission by head officials of
the following government agencies:
a) Ministry for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia
b) Ministry for Justice of Georgia
c) Ministry for Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia
d) Ministry for Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia
e) Ministry for Education and Science of Georgia.

Article 52² - Social partnership and principles of the Tripartite Commission activity

1. Social partnership shall be a system of dialogue and interaction between the representatives of social partners – an employer (employers association),
an employee (employees association), and a government agency in connection with labour relations issues.
2. Activities of the Tripartite Commission shall be based on the following principles:
a) equality and independence of the parties
b) respect for the interests of a social partner
c) coordination and responsibility
d) awareness
e) performance of obligations
f) tripartism
g) consensus.
3. Social partnership may be developed on national, sectoral, territorial, corporate, or other organisational levels.

Article 52³- Functions of the Tripartite Commission

Functions of the Tripartite Commission shall be:
a) facilitating development of social partnership and social dialogue at all levels in the country between employees, employers and the Government of
Georgia;
b) drafting proposals and recommendations on different issues in labour and other concomitant relations.

Article 52⁴- Rights of the Tripartite Commission

1. For discharging its functions within its competence, the Tripartite Commission may:
a) review issues raised by parties as determined by the legislation of Georgia;
b) hear information of parties on the issues falling within its competence at the sessions of the Tripartite Commission;
c) request from executive and local self-government bodies, as well as from other agencies the materials required for the Tripartite Commission to
review issues, as determined by the legislation of Georgia;
d) invite, if necessary, as determined by the legislation of Georgia, the representatives from different agencies, specialists, and experts of the respective
fields for drafting appropriate proposals and recommendations; conflict of interest must be excluded when inviting the above persons;
e) draft and submit to interested persons proposals on issues falling within its competence.
2. The tenure of members of the Tripartite Commission shall be one year. A new composition of the Tripartite Commission shall be determined before
the tenure of previous composition expires.
3. The statute of the Tripartite Commission determining the composition, structure, and rules of operation, as well as the procedure for approving its
composition shall be approved by ordinance of the Government of Georgia.

                                                    Section V
                                                     Transitional and Final Provisions

                                                                          Chapter XIII
                                                      Transitional and Final Provisions

Article 53 - Application of the Law to existing labour relations

This Law shall apply to the existing labour relations regardless of time of their origin.

Article 54 - Measures to be taken in connection with enactment of the Law

1. The Ministry for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia shall draft and approve:
a) the procedure for payment of maternity, child care, and newborn adoption leaves of absence – within two months after this Law is enacted;
b) the list of hard, harmful, and hazardous jobs, as well as the list of instances and procedures for compulsory periodic medical examination of employees
at the employer’s expense – before 1 July 2007;
c) the statute of Legal Entity under Public Law - the National Social Allowance and Employment Agency (‘the Agency’) - within three months after this
Law is enacted;
d) the procedure for maintaining state register of private employment agencies – within six months after this Law is enacted. A private employment
agency shall be a natural or a legal person under private law rendering services for employing an unemployed (a job-seeker). For the purposes of this
provision, an unemployed (a job-seeker) shall be a legally capable or partially capable person of working age as defined by the legislation of Georgia
having no job, seeking for it and willing to work;
e) the list of activities related to the safety of human life and health – before 1 November 2013.
2. Order No 85/N by the Minister for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia of 15 March 2006 on Approving the Procedure for Assignment and
Payment of Temporary Disability and Maternity Allowances shall be effective until the procedure for payment of maternity and newborn adoption
leaves of absence is approved under this Law.
3. Order No 12/N by the Minister for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia of 17 January 2005 on Approving the Statute of the Legal Entity
under Public Law (LEPL) - the National Social Allowance and Employment Agency shall be effective until the new statute of the Agency is approved
under this Law.
4. The Ministry for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia shall exercise state control over LEPL National Social Allowance and Employment
Agency.
5. The Minister for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia shall appoint and dismiss the head of LEPL National Social Allowance and Employment
Agency.
6. LEPL National Social Allowance and Employment Agency shall ensure payment of unemployment allowances payable only before the date this Law
is enacted.
7. The Ministry for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia shall be assigned to approve the procedure for registering the unemployed and
implementing measures to facilitate their employment. For the purposes of this provision, an unemployed shall be a legally capable or partially capable
person of working age as defined by the legislation of Georgia having no job, seeking for it, and willing to work.
8. LEPL National Social Allowance and Employment Agency under the state control of the Ministry for Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia
shall be reorganised into a state sub-agency – the Agency for Social Subsidies, and shall be deemed a legal successor of LEPL National Social Allowance
and Employment Agency, including in property relations, as well as shall be deemed a legal successor of the Legal Entity under Public Law – the State
United Social Insurance Fund under the state control of the Ministry for Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia with respect to payment of state
pension, state compensation, state academic scholarship, occupational injury, maternity allowance, pecuniary social allowance (benefit) to various social
categories as defined by the legislation of Georgia.
9. Article 27(1)(2), Articles 28 and 29 of this Law shall apply to the employees who take maternity, child care, and newborn adoption leaves of absence
as from 1 January 2014.

Article 55 - Enactment of the Law

This Law shall be enacted upon its promulgation.

President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili

Tbilisi

17 December 2010

No 4113-ES

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